Products related to Isotopes:
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Isotopes : A Very Short Introduction
An isotope is a variant form of a chemical element, containing a different number of neutrons in its nucleus.Most elements exist as several isotopes. Many are stable while others are radioactive, and some may only exist fleetingly before decaying into other elements. In this Very Short Introduction, Rob Ellam explains how isotopes have proved enormously important across all the sciences and in archaeology.Radioactive isotopes may be familiar from their use in nuclear weapons, nuclear power, and in medicine, as well as in carbon dating.They have been central to establishing the age of the Earth and the origins of the solar system.Combining previous and new research, Ellam provides an overview of the nature of stable and radioactive isotopes, and considers their wide range of modern applications.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area.These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly.Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
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Use of Water Stable Isotopes in Hydrological Process
Stable and radioactive isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules through the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and their number is ever-growing. The main reason is the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this compilation of papers has been published to address the current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and interpretations of hydrological processes, and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data, which is important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a book with new findings in thirteen original research papers and one review paper issued in the Water MDPI Special Issue (SI) "Use of Water Isotopes in Hydrological Processes". The authors report the use of water isotopes in hydrological processes worldwide, including studies at both local and regional scales related to either precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
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A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology
In the past few decades, the field of ecology has made huge advancements thanks to stable isotopes.Ecologists need to understand the principles of stable isotopes to fully appreciate many studies in their discipline.Ecologists also need to be aware of isotopic approaches to enrich their “toolbox” for further advancing the discipline.A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology is a concise and foundational resource for anyone interested in acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge for the application of stable isotopes in ecology. Readers will gain a more in-depth and complete knowledge of stable isotopes and explore isotopic methods used in ecological research, learning about stable isotope definitions, measurement, ecological processes, and applications in research.Chapters include in-depth descriptions of stable isotopes and their notation, isotope fractionation, isotope mixing, heavy isotope enrichment, and quantification methods by mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy.The text guides readers to think "isotopically” to better understand research conducted using stable isotopes.The book also provides basic practical skills and activities to apply stable isotope methods in ecological research.It includes 5 activities through which readers can apply their knowledge to real-world problems and improve their skills for interpreting and using stable isotopes in ecological research.This book is designed for students and scientists from different backgrounds who share the common interest in stable isotopes.
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Lithium Isotopes : A Tracer of Past and Present Silicate Weathering
Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes.Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase.We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation.We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater d7Li.These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales.The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
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Can isotopes occur naturally?
Yes, isotopes can occur naturally. Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Many elements have naturally occurring isotopes, and they can be found in various proportions in nature. For example, carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. These isotopes are formed through natural processes such as radioactive decay and nuclear reactions.
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How do neutrons enter isotopes?
Neutrons enter isotopes through a process called neutron capture. Neutron capture occurs when a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of an atom, resulting in the formation of a new isotope. This process can change the atomic mass of the isotope without affecting its chemical properties. Neutron capture plays a crucial role in nuclear reactions and the formation of heavy elements in stars.
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What are isotopes in chemistry?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon. Isotopes can have different physical properties, such as different atomic masses, but they have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons.
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How do radioactive isotopes decay?
Radioactive isotopes decay through the process of emitting radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. This emission of radiation occurs as the unstable nucleus of the isotope seeks to reach a more stable state. The type of decay that occurs depends on the specific isotope and its atomic structure. Over time, the decay process transforms the original isotope into a different element or a different isotope of the same element.
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Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings : Inferring Physiological, Climatic and Environmental Responses
This Open Access volume highlights how tree ring stable isotopes have been used to address a range of environmental issues from paleoclimatology to forest management, and anthropogenic impacts on forest growth.It will further evaluate weaknesses and strengths of isotope applications in tree rings.In contrast to older tree ring studies, which predominantly applied a pure statistical approach this book will focus on physiological mechanisms that influence isotopic signals and reflect environmental impacts.Focusing on connections between physiological responses and drivers of isotope variation will also clarify why environmental impacts are not linearly reflected in isotope ratios and tree ring widths.This volume will be of interest to any researcher and educator who uses tree rings (and other organic matter proxies) to reconstruct paleoclimate as well as to understand contemporary functional processes and anthropogenic influences on native ecosystems.The use of stable isotopes in biogeochemical studies has expanded greatly in recent years, making this volume a valuable resource to a growing and vibrant community of researchers.
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The Biomarker Guide: Volume 2, Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Systems and Earth History
The second edition of The Biomarker Guide is a fully updated and expanded version of this essential reference.Now in two volumes, it provides a comprehensive account of the role that biomarker technology plays both in petroleum exploration and in understanding Earth history and processes.Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History itemizes parameters used to genetically correlate petroleum and interpret thermal maturity and extent of biodegradation.It documents most known petroleum systems by geologic age throughout Earth history.The Biomarker Guide is an invaluable resource for geologists, petroleum geochemists, biogeochemists, and environmental scientists.
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Magnesium Isotopes : Tracer for the Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Magnesium Past and Present or Archive of Alteration?
Magnesium is a major constituent in silicate and carbonate minerals, the hydrosphere and the biosphere.Magnesium is constantly cycled between these reservoirs.Since each of the major planetary reservoirs of magnesium have different magnesium isotope ratios, there is scope to use magnesium isotope ratios to trace 1) the processes that cycle Magnesium at a spatial scales from the entire planet to microscopic and 2) the relative fluxes between these reservoirs.This review summarises some of the key motivations, successes and challenges facing the use of magnesium isotopes to construct a budget of seawater magnesium, present and past.
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Ultrasonic Portable Outdoor Mini Electric Mosquito Insect Repeller Keychain Home Electronics
Specifications: The ultrasonic sound wave will imitate the same frequency as dragonflies to keep female mosquitoes away from you. With small light, provide more convenience. Suitable for travelling, fishing, barbecue, camping, hiking, etc. The ultrasonic sound wave can be continuously working for about 400 hours and the light for about 30 minutes. Keychain style, easy to carry, perfect solution for outdoor mosquito protection. Ultrasonic sound wave is totally non-toxic, no harm to humans or animals. No radioactive and the sound wave is under 45dB, which has no influence on humans. Type: Mosquito Repeller Keychain Material: Plastic Wave Cycles: 8500-10000Hz Light: 50mA Working Area: 1-2 Meters Battery: 1 x CR2032 Button Battery (Included) Features: Portable, LED Light, Safe Size: 5.5cm x 3.5cm x 1.5cm/2.17 x 1.38 x 0.59 (Approx.) Notes: Due to differences in lighting and screen settings, the color of the project may be slightly different from the picture. Due to different manual measurements, allow for slight size differences. Package Includes: 1 x Mosquito Repeller Keychain
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Are there isotopes, yes or no?
Yes, there are isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in variations in atomic mass for a given element.
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How do radioactive isotopes decay exponentially?
Radioactive isotopes decay exponentially because the rate of decay is proportional to the amount of the isotope present. This means that as time goes on, the amount of the isotope decreases at an increasingly rapid rate. The decay is described by the exponential decay equation, which shows that the amount of the isotope remaining decreases by a constant fraction over equal intervals of time. This exponential decay behavior allows scientists to predict the amount of a radioactive isotope remaining at any given time.
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What are the three carbon isotopes?
The three carbon isotopes are carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. Carbon-12 is the most abundant and stable isotope, making up about 98.9% of all carbon atoms. Carbon-13 is a stable isotope, making up about 1.1% of all carbon atoms. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of about 5,730 years and is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of organic materials.
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Could one describe isotopes like this?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same chemical properties but different atomic masses. Therefore, one could describe isotopes as variations of the same element with different atomic masses due to differing numbers of neutrons.
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